Philip+and+Joe

My name is Philip Kline, my partner is Joseph Naugton and we are interviewing Anthony Martin Horn at Joseph’s house in Myerstown, Pennsylvania. Tony was born September 5th 1925, in Newark, Ohio. He served in the U.S Navy during World War II in the Pacific. His highest rank achieved was Seaman third class. This interview is being conducted for the Veterans History Project at the Library of Congress Tell us a little bit about your family. Did you have any family members that served in the military? What were you doing before you entered the Navy? When and why did you enlist in the Navy? Where did you go for your training? What was your training like?

How did you adapt to the military life, the food, social life, physical toll? Where did you serve in the war? Did you have any specialized training during your service? How did you adapt to the military life, the food, social life, physical toll? Where did you serve in the war? What Ships did you serve on and what was type of ships were they?

What was it like to be on a ship for months on end? What were the living conditions on the ships? How were you treated on the ship? What was it like being the tailor on the ship? Did you arrive after the battles were over or before the battles began? What was your experience in the Marshall Islands? What did you see in the Pacific Islands, the terrain, weather? What was it like in the Philippines, for example Leyte? Describe some of your battle experiences in the war? What was it like being attacked by Japanese Kamikaze raids? Describe some friendships you made during the war? Are you still in contact with some of your friends you made during the war? How did you stay in touch with your family during the war? How did you feel when you heard that the war was finally over?

How did your service affect the rest of your life? What life lessons did you learn from your military experiences? Be sure to practice your questions and to add good follow up questions. Allow the veteran to tell his story.

__Anthony Horn Interview__ Kline: My name is Philip Kline, and my partner is Joseph Naughton and we are interviewing Anthony Martin Horn at Joseph’s House in Myerstown, Pennsylvania. Tony was born on September 5, 1925 in Newark, Ohio. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War II in the Pacific. His highest rank achieved was Seaman third class. This interview is being conducted for the Veterans History Project at the Library of Congress. Okay Tony, could you tell us a little bit about your family?

Mr. Horn: My family? Well, I was married 59 years, would have been married in three more weeks we would have been married 60 years before my wife passed away. We had four boys, and one of the boys was in the service. My oldest son was in the, he was in the Navy during the Vietnam War. And, I went to twelve years of school before, before I joined the service. In fact, I was still a senior when I joined the service in 1943. I joined the service in March and graduation was in June. But, I think there was about half the boys in the class went into service around that same time. And they gave us, they gave us our diplomas and everything, so it turned out okay.

Kline: Why did you enlist in the Navy?

Mr. Horn: Well, I enlisted because of the war, and seemed like that was the thing to do in those days. Everybody was enlisting or either drafted or enlisted, so I enlisted. I was only 17 years old, and when I joined the Navy, I wanted to get into the submarine corps, but they didn’t need anybody in there at the time so they put me where they needed me. And I went to school for six months to learn how to be a fire control man, which is controlling the guns on the ship, had nothing to do with fire.

Kline: Had nothing to do with fire. Where did you go for your training?

Mr. Horn: Sampson, New York. It was a very short course, because like I say, they were in a hurry to get men at the time. So, they shoved us right through, no big deal. So, instead of being like a two-year course, we got shoved through in less than a year.

Kline: What was your training like?

Mr. Horn: My training, it was very simple. I didn’t really have to, I didn’t really do much for some reason or another. I seemed to get out of all the KP’s and stuff like that. All I did was loaf around most of the time. That’s the same thing I did in, on the ship. I never, I never really got involved in, in uh actual duties of a sailor because of my position. And then I, I eventually took over the Tailor Shop because the tailor that we had on board got sick and was sent home. So, my officer made, enlisted me to become the tailor, which turned out great because, turned out I had my own private room and everything so, and uh I did the guy’s tailoring. That way I got all my laundry done for nothing, and I got my hair cuts and shaves, and massages and all that kind of stuff. So, it really turned out great. I had a racket.

Kline. Did you have any specialized training during your service?

Mr. Horn: Well, just that there, learned how to be a fire control men which was the actual control of the ships guns, automatic controls that I had to take care of and set and so forth. And, I also operated the range finder on the side.

Kline: How did you adapt to the military life, the food?

Mr. Horn: Oh I adapted great, like I say for some reason or another I just everything just turned out great for me I was lucky. I never had to go through any of the difficult training periods or anything like that, so I had a racket.

Kline: Where did you serve in the war?

Mr. Horn: I served aboard two ships. The maiden ship I served on was a tanker. It was a fleet tanker which traveled with the fleet and refueled the ships, before they went into battle and refueled them as they came out. We refueled them again, so they could go back in again. And I also served a little bit of time on a minesweeper. A gentleman that they had on the minesweeper at the time was doing the job I was doing on the tanker got sick so they sent me over there to train somebody, which was only about four months. Took me about four months till I had somebody trained to take over that job. Then I went back to the tanker, so I spent the majority of my time on the tanker.

Kline: What was it like to be on a ship for months on end?

Mr. Horn: It was good, except for the ship I was on, we never got into ports. Instead of going to port to fill our tanks, we just met some ship out at sea and got the oil and gas from them. So we were out, at one stretch we were out 18 months without ever getting off of the ship. But, they fed us good. They brought food in from the big aircraft carriers. They brought us food and fresh vegetables and all that kind of stuff so it wasn’t bad.

Kline: How were you treated on the ships?

Mr. Horn: Oh, wonderful like I say I had a racket. I did all of the tailoring for the officers, so they treated me great. And their mess boys, I did their tailoring so they brought me the same food the officers were eating. I was eating so hey couldn’t get any better than that.

Kline: Did you arrive after the battles or were you there before the battles?

Mr. Horn: No, before because we had to be there to make sure the ships were all refueled before they went in. And then when they went in and did the shelling, then they came out and we refueled them again so they could go back in again. We laid back oh I’d say probably 50 miles or so it was you know no big deal I had a good time. I enjoyed every minute of it.

Naughton: What did you see in the Pacific Islands like the terrain and the weather?

Mr. Horn: Oh, the Pacific Islands were beautiful, what I saw of them. I only got off at two islands. I got off in Hawaii for a while, which was a beautiful place. I also got off at the Marshall Islands after the battle was over. They had the most beautiful water there, clear as a whistle, seemed like you could see forever down the water. Nothing but coral, beautiful coral and fish, beautiful fish. Those were the only two islands that I really got off on, although I did go to other islands to pick up our mail. I was assigned the mail boy so I used the captain’s gig to go to other islands to pick up our mail but I never got a chance to go around the islands. Naughton: What was it like in Leyte, in the Philippines?

Mr. Horn: Well, it was like I say, I never really got involved in any of the battles. We could hear and see the guns going off but we were laid back and well guarded. We had four destroyers guarding us. One on each side, and one on the stern and one forward. So, we had four destroyers around us to protect us.

Naughton: How many ships were in your convoy, like there would be three destroyers guarding you how many ships were in your convoy?

Mr. Horn: Oh my, sometimes there was as high as twenty-five, anywhere from twenty to twenty five.

Naughton: Describe some of your Battle experiences in the war, you said you weren’t in battle that often?

Mr. Horn: No, the only, I don’t know if you would call it a battle or not; we were attacked by Kamikazes twice. But, because of the protection we had with the destroyers, only one ever got close to us. Then our sister ship that we travelled with. They were torpedoed by one of those small one man submarines I guess you’d call them. They were actually just manned torpedoes is what they really were. They were hit twice with one of those and they sank it within just seemed like minutes. Well it was more than minutes I’d say maybe an hour at the most. They lost most of their men because they had about three or four explosions on board. They had just loaded up with fuel, aviation fuel which we carried to supply the small carriers that went with the convoys. We couldn’t see it but we could hear it. We saw the flames go up in the air and stuff like that. It was pretty bad. Then we had to hang around for a couple of weeks to pick up the dead bodies and so forth.

Naughton: That must have been sad. Was that a traumatizing experience seeing the dead bodies?

Mr. Horn: Well, it wasn’t pretty. That’s for sure because the bodies were all bloated and we used grappling hooks to get a hold of them, and it would like tear an arm off or something like that. So, it wasn’t a pretty sight, but something had to be done.

Naughton: On a lighter note, describe some friendships during the war?

Mr. Horn: I made a lot of good friends although I never stayed in touch with any of them, except for a short period of time and gradually, we just more or less faded away. I had one particular friend that lived close to Philadelphia in Manyunk. He was a boxer, and we were very good friends. When we came back to the states, I went home with him for a couple days. Other than that why I had a pretty good friend from Tennessee. He was a big strapping outdoors guy so he was my protector. Nobody could ever get close to me do me any harm because he right there to protect me.

Naughton: I wish I had a big guy to defend me. You said you’re not still in contact with any of your friends?

Mr. Horn: No, I no longer am. Naughton: How did you stay in contact with your family during the war? Mr. Horn: During the war? Naughton: Yeah, how did you stay in contact with them? Did you send them letters? Mr. Horn: Well, the only work friends I had were the ones aboard ship, you know, so it was easy to stay in contact with them. Weren’t going anywhere. Naughton: Did you send letters to your family, on the ship? Mr. Horn: Yes. Yes, that’s the only communication I had with the family, was through letters. Of which I, I’m not a very fond letter writer, so they got very few letters from me; I got a lot from them, but they got very few from me. Naughton: How did you feel when the war was finally over? Mr. Horn: Oh, great. In fact, well, when the war actually ended, we were on our way back to the States already. Because, they were no longer shelling any islands or anything like that, so the last one we were in was when they were shelling the Philippines, Before MacArthur went back to the Philippines. So then, they sent all of us back to the States. Naughton: So, your ship was sent home because they didn’t really need it any more. Mr. Horn: Right. They kept a couple of them there, but we were one that was sent home. Naughton: What was the reaction of all of your friends on the ship when the war was over? Was it all a big celebration? Mr. Horn: We landed in San Francisco. That’s where we landed, and it was like a one - drunk period of a week. We all got loaded and caroused around, picking up girls and so forth. So, it was like I said, typical sailor’s life. Naughton: When the war was over, when you went home, what career did you go into? Mr. Horn: Well, I went to work right away. I didn’t even collect one unemployment check. I went to work as soon as I got back, and I went back to the job I had, which was in a large grocery store called Food Fair, which no longer exists. But, I went back there and I was there for just a couple years when they sent me to Harrisburg to manage as a grocery manager in on of the grocery stores they were opening up there, and I stayed there for about five years or so, and then my wife was very reluctant to move, so I started trying to make contact with something at home where I could get a job and luckily, there was a McCormick salesman that used to come to the store and he lived in Lebanon, and he was going into business with another fellow, into the printing business, so he asked me if I wanted to learn the printing business, and I said “Yeah.” So I quit the job up there, and I took a pretty good cut in pay, but that’s the way it went, and that’s how I got into the printing business. But, I only worked there a couple years and then I went to a larger printing plant in Lebanon, a paper box plant, and I worked there a couple years, and then this outfit that I ended up with, they were building a new building, and they were advertising for pressman, so I went there and applied for a job and got it right away, so I was there for 37 years. Naughton: You retired, so when did you decide to retire? Mr. Horn: ‘Ninety-one. 1991, I retired. Sixty-five years old. Now I’m 85. Naughton: How were you treated by civilians when you got back home? Mr. Horn: Oh, wonderful. Everybody was glad to see me. It was so much different than the guys coming back from Vietnam. My son was in Vietnam, and they weren’t treated well at all, not the way we were treated. They had all kinds of parades and stuff for us. Naughton: Treated like heroes. Mr. Horn: But, the fellows coming back from Vietnam. They were not treated well at all. Naughton: I’m interested to hear about what do you think about the war in the Middle East. What do you think the United States should do about it? Mr. Horn: Well, I think it’s a waste of time. I think that if they wanted to, they could go in there and end that thing anytime they wanted to, but they’re reluctant to do that, so, personally, I don’t agree with what they’re doing, but I’m not in a position to do anything about it, so I take it the way it is. I really do think it’s a waste of time, because things will never change over there anyway. They’ve been fighting over there since, a little over than ’01 [2001], and I don’t think it’ll ever change. Personally, I hope I’m wrong, but that’s the way I look at it. Naughton: Yeah, I agree with you about the Middle East. We should get out of there. How did your service affect the rest of your life? Mr. Horn: Good. But I don't think it affected it at all, as far as that goes. It took away four of my youthful years, but other than that, I can't see where it had that much affect. Only the Lord knows what I would've done if I wouldn't have gone into the service because I don't think I would've gone to college. I couldn't afford college, so, personally, I think it was a good thing for me. Naughton: When you were in the war, and you came back, did you learn any life lessons about courage or anything like that? Mr. Horn: No, I don't think so. I took things as they came. I never got involved in politics or anything like that, so I just took things the way they came. I worked two jobs most of my entire life, so, I didn’t have much time to do anything else. Naughton: When you got back home, today, how many kids did you have with your wife? Mr. Horn: How many children did we have? Four. Four boys. Never had a girl, which we always wanted, but now I have four granddaughters and one grandson, so, they took the place of our girl. All of them are beautiful girls. One of them graduated from college two years ago, and the youngest one is in her second year of college, and the middle-aged one, she didn’t care to go to college after graduation, so she worked two jobs, and the other one went to technical school, where you had to operate and maintain medical equipment, and she’s doing wonderful. She’s getting top grades, and in fact, the teacher sent a letter home to her dad, telling him what a wonderful student she was, and if all her students were like her, their jobs would be a pleasure, and stuff like that, it was great. Naughton: How did you find out about the Veteran’s History Project? How did you get involved with the project? Mr. Horn: The Veteran’s Project? My friend called me up and asked me about this Washington trip. He’s involved with everything, so he called me up and asked if I would be interested in going, and I said, ‘Well, certainly.’ Because, I don’t go hardly anywhere anymore, so that was a great experience. I really enjoyed that trip. Of course I had a good guy with me. Naughton: I think in April, we’re going again, and I’m pretty sure you’ll be invited along if there’s enough seats on the bus. Mr. Horn: Yeah, I’d be glad to if I’m able. With me, it’s a day to day thing with me. Although lately, I’ve been feeling good, except for the pain in my knees and my shoulder, but that wouldn’t stop me from going, as long as they have a wheelchair for me. Naughton: What were your best memories from the field trip that we went on? Mr. Horn: The whole was absolutely wonderful. Everything went real smooth. The meal we got was outstanding, so I enjoyed that, and our stop over at the memorial was really nice, because I was there one time many years ago, and it wasn’t as nearly completed as it was now. So, that was a nice part of it too. But, all of the fellows were easy to get along with, easy to talk to, and I can’t thank you young guys for helping us out, because us older guys need a little help occasionally. Especially when it comes to walking a distance, but it was nice, really nice. I’d go again in a minute. Unfortunately, I never know from one day to the next whether I’m able to do it, because I get certain setbacks on occasion, and I never know when they’re going to happen. But, I’ve been pretty good lately, and in the last couple months I’ve been wonderful, so I hope that continues. Naughton: What was the name of your friend, who got you to come along? Mr. Horn: Ed. Edward Emerich, There’s a guy. He could talk the ear off of anybody. I don’t know. He always has something to talk about, of which, I am not a conversationalist at all, unless someone asks me questions like you were asking me. I don’t get a chance to say too much, but that guy, he just talks and talks and talks. He never stops talking. Of course you know that. You heard him. Naughton: Yeah, I heard him. Mr. Horn: But, he’s a nice guy. He used to work for Tasty Cake. He had a good position with Tasty Cake, started out on a truck, but then he got some of executive job, so he did all right. I think his son still works for Tasty Cake. I heard that they’re not doing as well as they used to. That’s the way it goes with any business, I suppose. Naughton: Yeah, especially in these hard times, with the economy. Mr. Horn: Yeah. What else do you want to know? Naughton: I have a couple more questions for you. Do you think it’s a good idea that the Veteran’s History Project is going on? I think it’s a very good idea, that preserves all the information about veterans. Mr. Horn: Oh, yeah, sure. Anything for the government. Naughton: At school, we did a lot of research about World War II. Mr. Horn: Yeah, that was the greatest war. World War II made the country. It seemed like everybody was involved in World War II, whereas these other wars, like Korea and Vietnam. They really aren’t wars; they’re just conflicts. Naughton: Yeah, World War II changed the nation in many ways. Mr. Horn: Absolutely. It just seemed like everyone got together; men, women, and younger people all got together, and were involved in that war, one way or another. Naughton: And we would’ve never won the war without brave men like you, serving your nation. Mr. Horn: Well, I wouldn’t go that far to say that. But, the women probably could’ve done just as well. Naughton: Well, Tony, my partner and I, we want to thank you. Mr. Horn: Well, I appreciate it. Kline: Thank you Tony. Mr. Horn: Okay, Philip.

Biography of Anthony Martin Horn Anthony Martin Horn was born on September 5, 1925 in Newark Ohio. He went to 12 years of school before joining the Navy. In fact, he was still a senior in high school when he enlisted in the Navy in 1943. Since about half of the boys in his class were joining the service, the school decided to give them their diplomas before they left.

His training was very short; the reason being that the United States needed as many men as possible to join the fight. The training took place in Sampson, New York, and the training, which was supposed to be a two-year course, was completed in about six months. His training was very simple, most of the time he would just sit around because of his position.

Once on the //USS Cacapon//, a fleet tanker, Mr. Horn became the tailor on board because the original tailor had gotten sick and was sent home. This turned out great for Mr. Horn. He now had his own private room filled with supplies, all because he was the ships tailor. Since Mr. Horn was the ships only tailor, he was treated very well. He also received free haircuts, shaves, massages, and laundry for his tailoring. Not to mention that he also received the food that the officers ate, so overall, Tony was treated well aboard the //USS Cacapon//.

Mr. Horn also served some time on a minesweeper, the //USS Peregrine//. He served on the ship for the same reason; the fire-control man on the minesweeper got sick and was sent home. So, Mr. Horn went on the minesweeper and was on it until he had successfully trained a replacement which took about four months. Then, he went back onto the tanker. For one stretch, he was out at sea for 18 months without leaving the ship! This was so because while at sea, a ship would come along and refuel them so their ship could continue to supply aircraft carriers and other ships with fuel. However, Mr. Horn enjoyed the 18 months because he never got sea sick, and he had fresh food and whatever he needed.

In Mr. Horn’s case, his ship would be at the battle sites before the battles occurred. The reason being his ship refueled all of the ships that went into battle, so his ship was there to make sure that all of the ships were completely refueled. Also, when the ships were low on fuel during the battle, they just came out to Mr. Horn‘s ship to be refueled again. Mr. Horn saw many beautiful places during his time in the Navy. Because he was placed in the Pacific, he got to see many gorgeous islands. However, he only ever got to get off and see most of two island areas. The islands were Hawaii and the Marshall islands. Mr. Horn described the islands by saying, “A beautiful place, they had the most beautiful water there, clear as a whistle, seemed like you could see forever down the water. Nothing but coral, beautiful coral and fish beautiful fish.” Mr. Horn also only saw glimpses of certain islands when he was assigned to get the mail. Mr. Horn’s ship traveled in a convoy system to protect his ship. The Navy did this by protecting the fleet tankers with destroyers. The convoy could have up to 25 ships all together. The ship he was on always loaded with fuel. If hit, the ship would easily explode and sink because of all the fuel onboard. This happened to Mr. Horn’s sister ship. The ship was hit by a small one man submarine, and in minutes, the ship exploded and sunk killing most of the crew onboard. Then, the crew of Mr. Horn’s ship had to go and clean up the scene of the disaster. Mr. Horn said that it was not a sight that should be seen by anyone. Mr. Horn made many friends during the war. However, he did not stay in touch with them after the war. Mr. Horn did however have a friend from Tennessee who was a outdoorsman and he was Mr. Horn’s protector. Mr. Horn stayed in contact with his family by sending them letters while he was on the ship. Mr. Horn said that “I’m not a very fond letter writer, so they got very few letters from me; I got a lot from them, but they got very few from me.” Once the war was over, Mr. Horn and the crew on the ship was overjoyed. They were sent back to the states and landed in San Francisco. The next week was basically a free week and had a “typical sailor’s life”. Once he got back home, Mr. Horn went into the work force right away. He went back to the job he had, which was in a grocery store, the Food Fair. Then, he moved into the printing business. When Mr. Horn returned from his service in the U.S. Navy, he was well-received by everyone back home. There were many parades in honor of the veterans when they returned home to Pennsylvania. Later in life, Mr. Horn’s son would serve in the Vietnam conflict, and when the veterans from Vietnam returned, they were not treated very well at all. After coming home, Mr. Horn worked for 45 years at a grocery store, and in a printing business, before retiring in 1991. Upon looking back at his service, Mr. Horn believes that it affected his life in a very positive way. He would not have gone to college, because he could not afford it. When he looks back at the war, he didn’t learn any “life lessons”. He did not get involved in politics. Mr. Horn just believes that he followed his orders to the best of his ability, and that anyone could have done it as well as he did. Mr. Horn had four boys with Mrs. Horn in their family, and now has four granddaughters and one grandson. Most of Mr. Horn’s children are going to college, a privilege that Mr. Horn did not have. Sadly, Mr. Horn’s wife passed away recently. Mr. Horn still continues on with his life. One of the main things he is doing right now is the Veteran’s History Project for the Library of Congress in Washington (the District of Columbia). Mr. Horn got involved with this project through his friend Edward Emmerich. Mr. Emmerich worked for Tasty-Cake for many years until he retired. Mr. Horn believes the Veteran’s History Project is a good way to get the future generations of this country interested in the past, specifically World War II. He considers World War II to change the meaning of the country by bringing all the men, women, and children together. Mr. Horn appreciates the Veteran’s History Project for what it has done to memorialize the veterans of World War II. He was married 59 years and had four boys, one of which went into the Navy during the Vietnam War. Mr. Horn enlisted in the Navy in 1943 at the age of 17, hoping to get into the submarine corps. However, the submarine corps was full, so he went to school to learn how to be a fire control man. This position is all about the actual control of the ships guns, automatic controls that had to be taken care of and set. Tony also operated the range finder on the side. We would like to thank Mr. Horn for all of his service for the United States of America.